電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)泳槽是(shi)凝(ning)膠(jiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)泳系統的核心部分(fen)，其系統的迅猛發(fa)展(zhan)主要也(ye)是(shi)體(ti)(ti)現在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)泳槽上。根據(ju)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)泳的原理，凝(ning)膠(jiao)都是(shi)放在(zai)兩個緩沖(chong)(chong)腔(qiang)之間(jian)(jian)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)通過(guo)凝(ning)膠(jiao)連接兩個緩沖(chong)(chong)腔(qiang)。緩沖(chong)(chong)液和凝(ning)膠(jiao)之間(jian)(jian)的接觸可以(yi)是(shi)直(zhi)接的液體(ti)(ti)接觸，也(ye)可以(yi)間(jian)(jian)接通過(guo)凝(ning)膠(jiao)條或(huo)濾紙(zhi)條。管狀(zhuang)凝(ning)膠(jiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)泳和垂(chui)直(zhi)板狀(zhuang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)泳大多(duo)采取直(zhi)接液體(ti)(ti)接觸方式。這種方式可以(yi)有效地使(shi)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)，但(dan)在(zai)裝置設(she)計上有一些困難，如液體(ti)(ti)泄漏，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)安全(quan)和操作麻(ma)煩等問題(ti)。水(shui)平板狀(zhuang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)泳槽大多(duo)通過(guo)間(jian)(jian)接方式，用濾紙(zhi)橋搭接

以及使(shi)用緩沖液制作的凝膠條(tiao)和(he)濾紙(zhi)條(tiao)搭接，即半干技術(shu)，后種方式使(shi)裝置簡化，操作也大(da)大(da)方便(bian)。

電泳槽分類

圓盤電泳槽：有上，下兩個電泳槽和帶有鉑金電極的蓋。上槽中具有若干孔，孔不用時，用硅橡皮塞塞住.要用的孔配以可插電泳管（玻璃管）的硅橡皮塞。電泳管的內徑早期為5～7mm，為保證冷卻和微量化，現在則越來越細。電泳槽完工圖

垂(chui)直(zhi)(zhi)板電(dian)(dian)泳槽(cao)(cao)：垂(chui)直(zhi)(zhi)板電(dian)(dian)泳槽(cao)(cao)的基本原理和結構(gou)與圓盤電(dian)(dian)泳槽(cao)(cao)基本相(xiang)同。差別只(zhi)在(zai)(zai)于制膠和電(dian)(dian)泳不在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)泳管中，而是在(zai)(zai)兩塊(kuai)垂(chui)直(zhi)(zhi)放置的平行玻璃板中間。

水平電(dian)泳(yong)(yong)槽：水平電(dian)泳(yong)(yong)槽的形狀(zhuang)各(ge)異(yi)，但結(jie)構大致(zhi)相(xiang)同。一般包(bao)括電(dian)泳(yong)(yong)槽基(ji)座(zuo)，冷卻板和電(dian)極。