電(dian)(dian)(dian)泳(yong)(yong)槽是(shi)凝膠電(dian)(dian)(dian)泳(yong)(yong)系統(tong)的核(he)心部(bu)分(fen)，其系統(tong)的迅猛發(fa)展主要也(ye)是(shi)體(ti)(ti)現在電(dian)(dian)(dian)泳(yong)(yong)槽上(shang)。根據電(dian)(dian)(dian)泳(yong)(yong)的原(yuan)理，凝膠都是(shi)放在兩個緩沖(chong)腔(qiang)之間(jian)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)場通(tong)過(guo)(guo)凝膠連接(jie)兩個緩沖(chong)腔(qiang)。緩沖(chong)液(ye)和(he)凝膠之間(jian)的接(jie)觸可(ke)以是(shi)直(zhi)接(jie)的液(ye)體(ti)(ti)接(jie)觸，也(ye)可(ke)以間(jian)接(jie)通(tong)過(guo)(guo)凝膠條或(huo)濾紙(zhi)條。管狀凝膠電(dian)(dian)(dian)泳(yong)(yong)和(he)垂直(zhi)板(ban)狀電(dian)(dian)(dian)泳(yong)(yong)大多采(cai)取直(zhi)接(jie)液(ye)體(ti)(ti)接(jie)觸方式。這種方式可(ke)以有(you)效地使用電(dian)(dian)(dian)場，但在裝置設計上(shang)有(you)一些困難，如液(ye)體(ti)(ti)泄漏(lou)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)安全和(he)操作麻煩等(deng)問題(ti)。水平板(ban)狀電(dian)(dian)(dian)泳(yong)(yong)槽大多通(tong)過(guo)(guo)間(jian)接(jie)方式，用濾紙(zhi)橋搭接(jie)

以及使用緩沖(chong)液制作的(de)凝膠(jiao)條和濾紙條搭接，即半干技術(shu)，后種方(fang)式使裝置簡化，操作也大(da)大(da)方(fang)便。

電泳(yong)槽分類

圓盤電泳槽：有上，下兩個電泳槽和帶有鉑金電極的蓋。上槽中具有若干孔，孔不用時，用硅橡皮塞塞住.要用的孔配以可插電泳管（玻璃管）的硅橡皮塞。電泳管的內徑早期為5～7mm，為保證冷卻和微量化，現在則越來越細。電泳槽完工圖

垂(chui)(chui)直板電(dian)(dian)泳槽：垂(chui)(chui)直板電(dian)(dian)泳槽的(de)基(ji)本原理和結構與圓盤(pan)電(dian)(dian)泳槽基(ji)本相同。差別只在(zai)于(yu)制膠和電(dian)(dian)泳不在(zai)電(dian)(dian)泳管中，而是在(zai)兩塊垂(chui)(chui)直放(fang)置的(de)平行玻璃板中間。

水平(ping)電(dian)泳(yong)(yong)槽：水平(ping)電(dian)泳(yong)(yong)槽的(de)形狀各異(yi)，但結構大(da)致相(xiang)同。一般包括電(dian)泳(yong)(yong)槽基座，冷卻(que)板和電(dian)極。